Part 18 - Add LAMP (Linux-Apache-MySQL-PHP) style stack to PetaLinux

This tutorial details the steps required to install a LAMP style stack on PetaLinux. The previously installed busybox-httpd is OK but not quite as flexible as the likes of say Apache. The stack to be installed shall consist of Apache2, SQLite3 & PHP7, and for good measure phpLiteAdmin. The latter offers a graphical interface for SQL databases much the same as myPHPAdmin.

Setup Xilinx design environment for the 2021.2 toolset.

steve@Desktop:~$ xilinx
Xilinx tools available tools at /opt/Xilinx :-
1) 2021.2 - Vivado - SDK - Vitis - PetaLinux
0) Exit
Please select tools required or exit : 1

Tools are as follows :-
vivado @ /opt/Xilinx/Vivado/2021.2/bin/vivado
vitis @ /opt/Xilinx/Vitis/2021.2/bin/vitis
petalinux-build @ /opt/Xilinx/PetaLinux/2021.2/tool/tools/common/petalinux/bin/petalinux-build

Starting from this point, having not followed the previous tutorials, can be achieved by obtaining the required files from BitBucket. The only prerequisite is that Part 1 - Installation of tools, setup of environment and creation of project area as been completed.

Obtain OS source.

steve@Desktop:~$ cd ~/projects
steve@Desktop:~/projects$ git clone -b v11.0 https://bitbucket.org/spacewire_firmware/zedboard_linux

Change the present working directory to be the project directory.

steve@Desktop:~$ cd ~/projects/zedboard_linux

Change the version (or revision) number for this new development, this prevents ghost (post-release, same version) builds from appearing.

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ sed -i 's/11.0/12.0/g' os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/project.txt

project.txt

Zedboard PetaLinux Example Design
SpaceWire UK
Steve Haywood
12.0

Direct download available here :-

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ wget https://spacewire.co.uk/tutorial/shared/repos/0024/zedboard_linux/os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/project.txt -O os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/project.txt

Launch the PetaLinux configuration tool.

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ cd os/petalinux
steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux/os/petalinux$ petalinux-config -c rootfs
steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux/os/petalinux$ cd ../..

Navigate the menu selecting Filesystem Packages » base » busybox, disable busybox-httpd and then save the configuration and exit the tool. Missing Image!

Configure PetaLinux to use Apache, SQLite & Apache's PHP Module. For good measure also add the nano text editor.

Edit the petalinuxbsp.conf as shown below.

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ subl os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/conf/petalinuxbsp.conf

petalinuxbsp.conf

#User Configuration

#OE_TERMINAL = "tmux"

IMAGE_INSTALL_append = " ntp ntpdate ntpq sntp nano"
PACKAGECONFIG_append_pn-php = " apache2"
IMAGE_INSTALL_append = " apache2 sqlite3 php-modphp"

Direct download available here :-

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ wget https://spacewire.co.uk/tutorial/shared/repos/0024/zedboard_linux/os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/conf/petalinuxbsp.conf -O os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/conf/petalinuxbsp.conf

Check out the changes.

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ git difftool os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/conf/petalinuxbsp.conf

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ cd os/petalinux
steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux/os/petalinux$ petalinux-build
steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux/os/petalinux$ petalinux-package --prebuilt --force

If not already, connect up the hardware as follows :-

Xubuntu PC USB ⇄ Zedboard USB JTAG/Debug
Xubuntu PC USB ⇄ Zedboard USB UART
Zedboard Ethernet ⇄ Router
Xubuntu PC Ethenet ⇄ Router
Router ⇄ Internet

Set the boot mode jumpers on the Zedboard for JTAG. Missing Image!

Power on the Zedboard.

If not already running, open up a new terminal and launch the MiniCom terminal emulator.

steve@Desktop:~$ minized

Welcome to minicom 2.7.1

OPTIONS: I18n
Compiled on Dec 23 2019, 02:06:26.
Port /dev/ttyACM0, 06:34:25

Press CTRL-A Z for help on special keys

Deploy PetaLinux to the Zedboard via JTAG.

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux/os/petalinux$ petalinux-boot --jtag --prebuilt 3

All being well the following sequence of events should be observed.

The blue done LED illuminates indicating the Programmable Logic (PL) has been programmed.
The software runs on the Processor System (PS).
PetaLinux starts to boot.
The led-runner application launches and executes the expanding & contracting LED illumination sequence.
The PetaLinux login prompt appears in the terminal emulator.

The MiniCom terminal emulator displays the following error message due to a missing file.

Starting web server: apache2cat: can't open '/run/httpd.pid': No such file or directory

It also displays the help page for grep, most probably due to bad options usage on the call.

Access the webserver on the Zedboard by pointing a browser at its IP address 192.168.2.87.

All being well the following page should be displayed. Missing Image!

root@petalinux:~# nano /etc/apache2/httpd.conf

Search for DocumentRoot (press Ctrl + W to search, enter DocumentRoot and then press Enter).

As can be seen, HTML is being served from /usr/share/apache2/default-site/htdocs.

Quit Nano (press Ctrl + X).

Examine the htdocs directory and the files it contains.

root@petalinux:~# ls -la /usr/share/apache2/default-site/htdocs
total 4
drwxr-xr-x    3 root     root            80 Mar  9  2018 .
drwxr-xr-x    3 root     root            60 Mar  9  2018 ..
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root            45 Mar  9  2018 index.html
drwxr-xr-x   14 root     root          4100 Mar  9  2018 manual

The HTML file being served is index.html, examine the file.

root@petalinux:~# cat /usr/share/apache2/default-site/htdocs/index.html
<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>

The HTML service is working OK.

Examine Apache's configuration file again to see what the CGI arrangements are.

root@petalinux:~# nano /etc/apache2/httpd.conf

Search for cgi-bin. Do this multiple times to find the two lines of interest.

As can be seen, CGI is being served from /usr/libexec/apache2/modules/cgi-bin.

Quit Nano.

Examine the cgi-bin directory and the files it contains.

root@petalinux:~# ls -la /usr/libexec/apache2/modules/cgi-bin
total 16
drwxr-xr-x    2 root     root           120 Mar  9  2018 .
drwxr-xr-x    3 root     root          1900 Mar  9  2018 ..
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root           820 Mar  9  2018 printenv
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root          1074 Mar  9  2018 printenv.vbs
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root          1133 Mar  9  2018 printenv.wsf
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root          1261 Mar  9  2018 test-cgi

Download the Test CGI file from PetaLinux and take a look at it.

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux/os/petalinux$ cd ../..
steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ ssh-keygen -f /home/steve/.ssh/known_hosts -R 192.168.2.87
steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ ssh-keyscan -H 192.168.2.87 >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts
steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ sshpass -p root scp root@192.168.2.87:/usr/libexec/apache2/modules/cgi-bin/test-cgi os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/cgi-bin

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ subl os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/cgi-bin/test-cgi

test-cgi

#

# To permit this cgi, replace # on the first line above with the
# appropriate #!/path/to/sh shebang, and set this script executable
# with chmod 755.
#
# ***** !!! WARNING !!! *****
# This script echoes the server environment variables and therefore
# leaks information - so NEVER use it in a live server environment!
# It is provided only for testing purpose.
# Also note that it is subject to cross site scripting attacks on
# MS IE and any other browser which fails to honor RFC2616.

# disable filename globbing
set -f

echo "Content-type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1"
echo

echo CGI/1.0 test script report:
echo

echo argc is $#. argv is "$*".
echo

echo SERVER_SOFTWARE = $SERVER_SOFTWARE
echo SERVER_NAME = $SERVER_NAME
echo GATEWAY_INTERFACE = $GATEWAY_INTERFACE
echo SERVER_PROTOCOL = $SERVER_PROTOCOL
echo SERVER_PORT = $SERVER_PORT
echo REQUEST_METHOD = $REQUEST_METHOD
echo HTTP_ACCEPT = "$HTTP_ACCEPT"
echo PATH_INFO = "$PATH_INFO"
echo PATH_TRANSLATED = "$PATH_TRANSLATED"
echo SCRIPT_NAME = "$SCRIPT_NAME"
echo QUERY_STRING = "$QUERY_STRING"
echo REMOTE_HOST = $REMOTE_HOST
echo REMOTE_ADDR = $REMOTE_ADDR
echo REMOTE_USER = $REMOTE_USER
echo AUTH_TYPE = $AUTH_TYPE
echo CONTENT_TYPE = $CONTENT_TYPE
echo CONTENT_LENGTH = $CONTENT_LENGTH

Edit the file as the header comment suggests, replace the first line # with #!/bin/sh.

test-cgi (partial)

#
#!/bin/sh

Direct download available here :-

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ wget https://spacewire.co.uk/tutorial/shared/repos/0024/zedboard_linux/os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/cgi-bin/test-cgi -O os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/cgi-bin/test-cgi

Upload the Test CGI file back to PetaLinux for testing.

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ sshpass -p root scp os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/cgi-bin/test-cgi root@192.168.2.87:/usr/libexec/apache2/modules/cgi-bin

Access the webserver by pointing a browser at http://192.168.2.87/cgi-bin/test-cgi.

Sadly the test-cgi script is not being executed, instead its contents are simply being dumped to the browser. Missing Image!

Take a look at Apache's configuration file again.

root@petalinux:~# nano /etc/apache2/httpd.conf

Search for mod_cgid.so.

As can be seen, the LoadModule for this line is commented out. Delete the # at the start of the line and save the file.

Reload Apache so the updated httpd.conf is being used.

root@petalinux:~# /etc/init.d/apache2 reload

Access the webserver again by pointing a browser at 192.168.2.87/cgi-bin/test-cgi.

Sadly the test-cgi script is still not being executed. Missing Image!

Thinking back to the previous Webserver tutorial, the BitBake recipe set execute permissions on the shell script CGI's.

As seen above, the permissions for test-cgi are -rw-r--r--. Change these so the file is executable.

root@petalinux:~# chmod +x /usr/libexec/apache2/modules/cgi-bin/test-cgi

Access the webserver again by pointing at http://192.168.2.87/cgi-bin/test-cgi.

All being well the following page should be displayed. Missing Image!

The CGI (shell script) service is working OK.

Perform a quick search for any pre-installed PHP files that may be of use.

root@petalinux:~# find / -name "*.php"

None found!

Create the classic Hello World example using basic HTML & PHP.

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ subl os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/cgi-bin/hello_world.php

hello_world.php

<html>
<head>
<title>PHP Test</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php echo '<p>Hello World</p>'; ?>
</body>
</html>

Direct download available here :-

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ wget https://spacewire.co.uk/tutorial/shared/repos/0024/zedboard_linux/os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/cgi-bin/hello_world.php.txt -O os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/cgi-bin/hello_world.php

Upload the Hello World PHP file to PetaLinux for testing.

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ sshpass -p root scp os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/cgi-bin/hello_world.php root@192.168.2.87:/usr/libexec/apache2/modules/cgi-bin

Note that PHP files do not need to be executable as they are interpreted by Apache and not executed.

Access the webserver again by pointing at http://192.168.2.87/cgi-bin/hello_world.php.

All being well the following page should be displayed. Missing Image!

The CGI (PHP) service is working OK.

Note that Apache is run using the daemon account, the old busybox-httpd used the root account. Due to this care must be taken with file & directory permissions such that correct access can be obtained.

As seen above, the permissions for cgi-bin are drwxr-xr-x and the directory is owned by root. Creating a database in this directory via a PHP page will not be possible without changing the permissions first. Instead create a db directory with full access.

root@petalinux:~# mkdir /usr/libexec/apache2/modules/cgi-bin/db
root@petalinux:~# chmod 777 /usr/libexec/apache2/modules/cgi-bin/db

Create a very simple HTML, PHP & SQLite test page that creates/opens a database, creates a table, inserts a row inside the table and closes the database.

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ subl os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/cgi-bin/sqlite_test.php

sqlite_test.php

<?php
//
// File .......... sqlite_test.php
// Author ........ Steve Haywood
// Version ....... 1.0
// Date .......... 3 August 2023
// Description ...
//   Simple HTML, PHP & SQLite example code that checks the basic operation of
// SQLite. SQL queries used are :-
//
// 1. Create/open database
// 1. Create table
// 3. Insert row
// 4. Close database
//
?>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>SQLite Test</title>
</head>

<?php

class MyDB extends SQLite3 {
  function __construct() {
    $this->open('db/test.db');
  }
}

echo 'Creating/opening database<br>';
$db = new MyDB();
if ($db) {
  echo 'Success';
} else {
  echo 'Failure : ' . $db->lastErrorMsg();
}
echo '<br><br>';

echo 'Creating table<br>';
$return = $db->exec("CREATE TABLE fruit (item VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY UNIQUE, quantity int unsigned NOT NULL)");
if ($return) {
  echo 'Success';
} else {
  echo 'Failure : ' . $db->lastErrorMsg();
}
echo '<br><br>';

echo 'Inserting 1st row in table<br>';
$result = $db->exec("INSERT INTO fruit (item, quantity) VALUES ('Apple', '5')");
if ($result) {
  echo 'Success';
} else {
  echo 'Failure : ' . $db->lastErrorMsg();
}
echo '<br><br>';

echo 'Inserting 2nd row in table<br>';
$result = $db->exec("INSERT INTO fruit (item, quantity) VALUES ('Orange', '12')");
if ($result) {
  echo 'Success';
} else {
  echo 'Failure : ' . $db->lastErrorMsg();
}
echo '<br><br>';

echo 'Closing database<br>';
$result = $db->close();
if ($result) {
  echo 'Success';
} else {
  echo 'Failure : ' . $db->lastErrorMsg();
}

?>

</body>
</html>

Direct download available here :-

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ wget https://spacewire.co.uk/tutorial/shared/repos/0024/zedboard_linux/os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/cgi-bin/sqlite_test.php.txt -O os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/cgi-bin/sqlite_test.php

Upload the SQLite Test PHP file to PetaLinux for testing.

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ sshpass -p root scp os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/cgi-bin/sqlite_test.php root@192.168.2.87:/usr/libexec/apache2/modules/cgi-bin

Access the webserver again by pointing at http://192.168.2.87/cgi-bin/sqlite_test.php.

All being well the following page should be displayed. Missing Image!

The SQLite service is working OK.

phpLiteAdmin is not an installable option on PetaLinux so it must be installed manually. Fortunately this only consists of two PHP files.

Download the latest Stable version of phpLiteAdmin into ~/Downloads.

Extract the files from the archive.

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ unzip ~/Downloads/phpLiteAdmin_v*.zip -d os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/cgi-bin
Archive:  ~/Downloads/phpLiteAdmin_v1-9-8-2.zip
  inflating: os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/cgi-bin/phpliteadmin.config.sample.php
  inflating: os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/cgi-bin/phpliteadmin.php
  inflating: os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/cgi-bin/readme.md

Delete the readme and rename the configuration file.

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ rm os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/cgi-bin/readme.md
steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ mv os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/cgi-bin/phpliteadmin.config{.sample,}.php

Edit the configuration file to change the database location.

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ subl os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/cgi-bin/phpliteadmin.config.php

phpliteadmin.config.php (partial)

~~$directory = '.';~~
$directory = 'db';

Direct download available here :-

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ wget https://spacewire.co.uk/tutorial/shared/repos/0024/zedboard_linux/os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/cgi-bin/phpliteadmin.config.php.txt -O os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/cgi-bin/phpliteadmin.config.php

Upload the two PHP files to PetaLinux for testing.

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ ssh-keygen -f /home/steve/.ssh/known_hosts -R 192.168.2.87
steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ ssh-keyscan -H 192.168.2.87 >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts
steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ sshpass -p root scp os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/cgi-bin/phpliteadmin.php root@192.168.2.87:/usr/libexec/apache2/modules/cgi-bin
steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ sshpass -p root scp os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/cgi-bin/phpliteadmin.config.php root@192.168.2.87:/usr/libexec/apache2/modules/cgi-bin

Access the webserver again by pointing at http://192.168.2.87/cgi-bin/phpliteadmin.php.

All being well the following page should be displayed. Missing Image!

Log in using the password admin to hopefully reveal the cockpit page.

The database test.db as created by sqlite_test.php should be should down the left-hand side of the page. View and edit the database by clicking on the links and entering SQL queries. Missing Image!

The phpLiteAdmin service is working OK.

At this point the directory structure being used is that of Apache. There are two options moving forward :-

The files from /srv/www & /srv/www/cgi-bin can be migrated to /usr/share/apache2/default-site/htdocs & /usr/libexec/apache2/modules/cgi-bin respectively.
The Apache configuration file (httpd.conf) can be modified to use /srv/www & /srv/www/cgi-bin.

The Apache configuration file as already been edited to enable CGI shell script execution, which will need to become sticky, i.e. part of the PetaLinux build process. It makes sense to go with option 2.

Take a look at Apache's configuration file again.

root@petalinux:~# nano /etc/apache2/httpd.conf

Use the replace text command in Nano (Ctrl + \) to make the following changes to lines 221, 222, 338 & 354.

Replace /usr/share/apache2/default-site/htdocs with /srv/www
Replace /usr/libexec/apache2/modules/cgi-bin with /srv/www/cgi-bin

Save the file and reload Apache so the updates take effect.

root@petalinux:~# /etc/init.d/apache2 reload

All being well accessing the webserver should look like it did prior to all the changes made in this tutorial.

Check the following pages to confirm :-

For the latter change the Address in the Peek/Poke table from 0x41200000 to 0x40010000 (the LED register).

Attempt to Peek & Poke this register. The two operations should fail with the error message Failed to open /dev/mem.

Note again that Apache is run using the daemon account, the old busybox-httpd used the root account. To access /dev/mem requires root privileges, hence the failures.

Files can be executed using root privileges by non-root users by adding the s attribute (not recommended). Execute the following command to set root execution privileges on the three files of concern.

root@petalinux:~# chmod a+s /srv/www/cgi-bin/{peek,poke,peekstring}

Attempt to Peek & Poke the register again, this time the operations should work as expected. The Firmware Information should also now display upon pressing the Read ID button.

Check all the modifications made in /usr/libexec/apache2/modules/cgi-bin work /srv/www/cgi by simply moving the related files.

root@petalinux:~# mv /usr/libexec/apache2/modules/cgi-bin/{db,test-cgi,*.php} /srv/www/cgi-bin

Check the following pages to confirm :-

To make the changes to PetaLinux permanent they need to be included in the build process.

Apply a slight modification to the uptime.cgi call inside uptime.js - Add a / before cgi-bin on line 73. This is now the same as the calls to peek, poke & peekstring.

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ subl os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/uptime.js

uptime.js (partial)

~~var url = "cgi-bin/uptime.cgi";~~
var url = "/cgi-bin/uptime.cgi";

Direct download available here :-

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ wget https://spacewire.co.uk/tutorial/shared/repos/0024/zedboard_linux/os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/uptime.js -O os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/uptime.js

Do a quick & dirty conversion of index.cgi (shell script) into index.php (PHP).

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ cp os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/cgi-bin/index.cgi os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/cgi-bin/index.php

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ subl os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/cgi-bin/index.php

index.php

<?php
// Get information
$sys_host = exec('hostname', $retval);
$sys_time = exec('date', $retval);
$sys_load = exec('awk \'{print $1}\' /proc/loadavg', $retval);
$sys_up = exec('awk \'{print $1}\' /proc/uptime', $retval);
$cpu_model = exec('grep model /proc/cpuinfo | cut -d : -f2 | tail -1 | sed \'s/\s//\'', $retval);
$cpu_cores = exec('grep -c ^processor /proc/cpuinfo', $retval);
$mem_total = exec('free -m | awk \'NR==2{print $2}\'', $retval);
$mem_used = exec('free -m | awk \'NR==2{print $3}\'', $retval);
$mem_free = exec('free -m | awk \'NR==2{print $4}\'', $retval);
$net_mac = exec('cat /sys/class/net/eth0/address', $retval);
$net_ip_loc = exec('ip a | grep inet | grep -vw lo | grep -v inet6 | cut -d \/ -f1 | sed \'s/[^0-9\.]*//g\'', $retval);
$net_ip_ext = exec('wget -q -O- http://ipecho.net/plain', $retval);
?>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<link href="../styles.css" rel="stylesheet">
<title>Zedboard Webserver</title>
</head>
<body onload="add_register()">

<div class="section"><h2>Zedboard Webserver</h2></div>

<div class="section">
<table>
<thead>
<tr><th colspan="3">Operating System Information <button onclick="read_os_ids()">Read ID</button></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:right">Description :</td>
<td style="text-align:left" id="oid_0">Unknown</td>
<td><img id="osid_0" style="vertical-align:middle" src="../amber.gif" title="Unknown!" alt="Missing Image!"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:right">Company :</td>
<td style="text-align:left" id="oid_1">Unknown</td>
<td><img id="osid_1" style="vertical-align:middle" src="../amber.gif" title="Unknown!" alt="Missing Image!"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:right">Author :</td>
<td style="text-align:left" id="oid_2">Unknown</td>
<td><img id="osid_2" style="vertical-align:middle" src="../amber.gif" title="Unknown!" alt="Missing Image!"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:right">Version :</td>
<td style="text-align:left" id="oid_3">Unknown</td>
<td><img id="osid_3" style="vertical-align:middle" src="../amber.gif" title="Unknown!" alt="Missing Image!"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:right">Timestamp :</td>
<td style="text-align:left" id="oid_4">Unknown</td>
<td><img id="osid_4" style="vertical-align:middle" src="../amber.gif" title="Unknown!" alt="Missing Image!"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:right">Hash :</td>
<td style="text-align:left" id="oid_5">Unknown</td>
<td><img id="osid_5" style="vertical-align:middle" src="../amber.gif" title="Unknown!" alt="Missing Image!"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table>
<thead>
<tr><th colspan="3">Firmware Information <input type="submit" value="Read ID" id="read_ids" onclick="read_ids()"></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:right">Description :</td>
<td style="text-align:left" id="id_0">Unknown</td>
<td><img id="sid_0" style="vertical-align:middle" src="../amber.gif" title="Unknown!" alt="Missing Image!"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:right">Company :</td>
<td style="text-align:left" id="id_1">Unknown</td>
<td><img id="sid_1" style="vertical-align:middle" src="../amber.gif" title="Unknown!" alt="Missing Image!"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:right">Author :</td>
<td style="text-align:left" id="id_2">Unknown</td>
<td><img id="sid_2" style="vertical-align:middle" src="../amber.gif" title="Unknown!" alt="Missing Image!"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:right">Version :</td>
<td style="text-align:left" id="id_3">Unknown</td>
<td><img id="sid_3" style="vertical-align:middle" src="../amber.gif" title="Unknown!" alt="Missing Image!"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:right">Timestamp :</td>
<td style="text-align:left" id="id_4">Unknown</td>
<td><img id="sid_4" style="vertical-align:middle" src="../amber.gif" title="Unknown!" alt="Missing Image!"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:right">Hash :</td>
<td style="text-align:left" id="id_5">Unknown</td>
<td><img id="sid_5" style="vertical-align:middle" src="../amber.gif" title="Unknown!" alt="Missing Image!"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>

<div class="section"><img src="../zedboard.png" alt="Missing Image!"></div>

<div class="section">

<table>
<tr><th colspan="2">System</th></tr>
<tr><td>Hostname</td>
<td><?php echo $sys_host ?></td>
</tr><tr><td>Time</td><td><?php echo $sys_time ?></td></tr>
<tr><td>Uptime</td><td><span id="uptime_text"><?php echo $sys_up ?></span> seconds <button onclick="get_uptime()">Refresh</button> Auto :
<select id="uptime" onchange="uptime();">
  <option value="0">Off</option>
  <option value="1">1s</option>
  <option value="5">5s</option>
</select>
</td></tr>
</table>

<table>
<tr><th colspan="2">CPU</th></tr>
<tr><td>Model</td>
<td><?php echo $cpu_model ?></td></tr>
<tr><td>Cores</td><td><?php echo $cpu_cores ?></td></tr>
<tr><td>Load</td><td><?php echo $sys_load ?></td></tr>
</table>

<table>
<tr><th colspan="2">Memory</th></tr>
<tr><td>Total</td><td><?php echo $mem_total ?> Mb</td></tr>
<tr><td>Used</td><td><?php echo $mem_used ?> Mb</td></tr>
<tr><td>Free</td><td><?php echo $mem_free ?> Mb</td></tr>
</table>

<table>
<tr><th colspan="2">Network</th></tr>
<tr><td>MAC Address</td><td><?php echo $net_mac ?></td></tr>
<tr><td>Internal IP</td><td><?php echo $net_ip_loc ?></td></tr>
<tr><td>External IP</td><td><?php echo $net_ip_ext ?></td></tr>
</table>

</div>

<div class="section">
<table id="registers">
<tr>
<th>Address</th>
<th>Peek Value</th>
<th>Sel</th>
<th>Peek</th>
<th>Status</th>
<th>Copy</th>
<th>Poke Value</th>
<th>Sel</th>
<th>Poke</th>
<th>Status</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</table>
<br><br>
<input title="Add new row to end of address table" type="button" value="Add" onclick="add_row()">
<select title="Set type of row to add to address table" id="type">
  <option value="0">Register</option>
  <option value="1">Section</option>
</select>
<input title="Remove last address from table" type="button" value="Remove" onclick="rem_register()">
<input title="Peek all selected addresses in table" type="button" value="Peek All" onclick="peek_all()">
<input title="Copy all table peek values into poke values" type="button" value="Copy All" onclick="copy_all()">
<input title="Poke all selected addresses in table" type="button" value="Poke All" onclick="poke_all()">
Peek Refresh :
<select title="Set timer interval for automatic peek of table addresses" id="timer" onchange="timer()">
  <option value="0">Off</option>
  <option value="1">1s</option>
  <option value="5">5s</option>
</select>
Number Format :
<select title="Set number format for peek and poke values" id="format" onchange="format()">
  <option value="0">Hexadecimal</option>
  <option value="1">Unsigned</option>
</select>
Configuration :
<button title="Create configuration file from table" onclick="create_config()">Create...</button> <a title="Right click and Save Link As... to locate and rename this file" download="config.txt" id="download" href="" style="display: none">config.txt</a>
<input title="Read configuration file into table" type="file" id="load_config">
</div>

<div class="section">Designed by Steve Haywood @ 2021</div>

<script src="../uptime.js"></script>

</body>
</html>

Direct download available here :-

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ wget https://spacewire.co.uk/tutorial/shared/repos/0024/zedboard_linux/os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/cgi-bin/index.php.txt -O os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/cgi-bin/index.php

Check out the changes.

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ git difftool v11.0:zedboard_linux/os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/cgi-bin/index.cgi os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/cgi-bin/index.php

Modify index.html such that it becomes an index page for accessing all the other pages.

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ subl os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/index.html

index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Zedboard webserver</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>Index</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="cgi-bin/test-cgi" target=_blank>cgi-bin/test-cgi</a></li>
<li><a href="cgi-bin/hello_world.php" target=_blank>cgi-bin/hello_world.php</a></li>
<li><a href="cgi-bin/sqlite_test.php" target=_blank>cgi-bin/sqlite_test.php</a></li>
<li><a href="cgi-bin/phpliteadmin.php" target=_blank>cgi-bin/phpliteadmin.php</a></li>
<li><a href="cgi-bin/index.php" target=_blank>cgi-bin/index.php</a></li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>

Direct download available here :-

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ wget https://spacewire.co.uk/tutorial/shared/repos/0024/zedboard_linux/os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/index.html -O os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/index.html

Check out the changes.

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ git difftool os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/index.html

Modify the website BitBake recipe to install the new & modified files.

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ subl os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/website.bb

website.bb

#
# This file is the website recipe.
#

SUMMARY = "Simple website application"
SECTION = "PETALINUX/apps"
LICENSE = "MIT"
LIC_FILES_CHKSUM = "file://${COMMON_LICENSE_DIR}/MIT;md5=0835ade698e0bcf8506ecda2f7b4f302"

SRC_URI = "file://index.html"
SRC_URI += "file://uptime.js"
SRC_URI += "file://zedboard.png"
SRC_URI += "file://styles.css"
SRC_URI += "file://cgi-bin/index.php"
SRC_URI += "file://cgi-bin/uptime.cgi"
SRC_URI += "file://cgi-bin/test-cgi"
SRC_URI += "file://cgi-bin/hello_world.php"
SRC_URI += "file://cgi-bin/sqlite_test.php"
SRC_URI += "file://cgi-bin/phpliteadmin.php"
SRC_URI += "file://cgi-bin/phpliteadmin.config.php"
SRC_URI += "file://amber.gif"
SRC_URI += "file://green.gif"
SRC_URI += "file://red.gif"
SRC_URI += "file://project.txt"

FILES_${PN} += "/srv/www"

S = "${WORKDIR}"

do_install() {
     install -d ${D}/srv/www
     install -m 0644 ${S}/index.html ${D}/srv/www/index.html
     install -m 0644 ${S}/uptime.js ${D}/srv/www
     install -m 0644 ${S}/zedboard.png ${D}/srv/www
     install -m 0644 ${S}/styles.css ${D}/srv/www
     install -m 0644 ${S}/amber.gif ${D}/srv/www
     install -m 0644 ${S}/green.gif ${D}/srv/www
     install -m 0644 ${S}/red.gif ${D}/srv/www
     install -m 0644 ${S}/project.txt ${D}/srv/www
     install -d ${D}/srv/www/cgi-bin
     install -m 0777 -d ${D}/srv/www/cgi-bin/db
     install -m 0644 ${S}/cgi-bin/index.php ${D}/srv/www/cgi-bin
     install -m 0755 ${S}/cgi-bin/uptime.cgi ${D}/srv/www/cgi-bin
     install -m 0755 ${S}/cgi-bin/test-cgi ${D}/srv/www/cgi-bin
     install -m 0644 ${S}/cgi-bin/hello_world.php ${D}/srv/www/cgi-bin
     install -m 0644 ${S}/cgi-bin/sqlite_test.php ${D}/srv/www/cgi-bin
     install -m 0644 ${S}/cgi-bin/phpliteadmin.php ${D}/srv/www/cgi-bin
     install -m 0644 ${S}/cgi-bin/phpliteadmin.config.php ${D}/srv/www/cgi-bin
}

Direct download available here :-

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ wget https://spacewire.co.uk/tutorial/shared/repos/0024/zedboard_linux/os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/website.bb -O os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/website.bb

Check out the changes.

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ git difftool os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/website.bb

Modify the peekpokecgi BitBake recipe to add root execution permissions.

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ subl os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/peekpokecgi/peekpokecgi.bb

peekpokecgi.bb

#
# This is the peekpokecgi aplication recipe
#
#

SUMMARY = "peekpokecgi application"
SECTION = "PETALINUX/apps"
LICENSE = "MIT"
LIC_FILES_CHKSUM = "file://${COMMON_LICENSE_DIR}/MIT;md5=0835ade698e0bcf8506ecda2f7b4f302"
SRC_URI = "file://peek.c \
           file://poke.c \
           file://peekstring.c \
           file://Makefile \
          "
FILES_${PN} += "/srv/www/cgi-bin"
S = "${WORKDIR}"
CFLAGS_prepend = "-I ${S}/include"
do_compile() {
        oe_runmake
}
do_install() {
        install -d ${D}/srv/www/cgi-bin
        install -m 0755 ${S}/peek ${D}/srv/www/cgi-bin
        install -m 0755 ${S}/poke ${D}/srv/www/cgi-bin
        install -m 0755 ${S}/peekstring ${D}/srv/www/cgi-bin
        chmod a+s ${D}/srv/www/cgi-bin/peek
        chmod a+s ${D}/srv/www/cgi-bin/poke
        chmod a+s ${D}/srv/www/cgi-bin/peekstring
}

Direct download available here :-

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ wget https://spacewire.co.uk/tutorial/shared/repos/0024/zedboard_linux/os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/peekpokecgi/peekpokecgi.bb -O os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/peekpokecgi/peekpokecgi.bb

Check out the changes.

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ git difftool os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/peekpokecgi/peekpokecgi.bb

Create an Apache BitBake append to realise the changes made to httpd.conf.

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ mkdir -p os/petalinux/components/yocto/layers/meta-openembedded/meta-webserver/recipes-httpd/apache2

Note the last entry is an addition to allow Apache to read index.php pages from directories & subdirectories without specifying the page explicitly.

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ subl os/petalinux/components/yocto/layers/meta-openembedded/meta-webserver/recipes-httpd/apache2/apache2_%.bbappend

apache2_%.bbappend

do_install_append() {

sed -i 's@^#LoadModule cgid_module /usr/libexec/apache2/modules/mod_cgid.so@LoadModule cgid_module /usr/libexec/apache2/modules/mod_cgid.so@' ${D}/${sysconfdir}/${BPN}/httpd.conf

sed -i 's@^DocumentRoot "/usr/share/apache2/default-site/htdocs"@DocumentRoot "/srv/www"@' ${D}/${sysconfdir}/${BPN}/httpd.conf

sed -i 's@^<Directory "/usr/share/apache2/default-site/htdocs">@<Directory "/srv/www">@' ${D}/${sysconfdir}/${BPN}/httpd.conf

sed -i 's@^    ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/usr/libexec/apache2/modules/cgi-bin/"@    ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/srv/www/cgi-bin/"@' ${D}/${sysconfdir}/${BPN}/httpd.conf

sed -i 's@^<Directory "/usr/libexec/apache2/modules/cgi-bin">@<Directory "/srv/www/cgi-bin">@' ${D}/${sysconfdir}/${BPN}/httpd.conf

sed -i 's@^    DirectoryIndex index.html@    DirectoryIndex index.html index.php@' ${D}/${sysconfdir}/${BPN}/httpd.conf

}

Direct download available here :-

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ wget https://spacewire.co.uk/tutorial/shared/repos/0024/zedboard_linux/os/petalinux/components/yocto/layers/meta-openembedded/meta-webserver/recipes-httpd/apache2/apache2_%.bbappend -O os/petalinux/components/yocto/layers/meta-openembedded/meta-webserver/recipes-httpd/apache2/apache2_%.bbappend

Check GIT status to make sure all is well and there are no spurious elements.

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ git status -u
On branch master
Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master'.

Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git restore <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
         modified:   os/petalinux/.petalinux/metadata      
         modified:   os/petalinux/project-spec/configs/config      
         modified:   os/petalinux/project-spec/configs/rootfs_config      
         modified:   os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/conf/petalinuxbsp.conf      
         modified:   os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/peekpokecgi/peekpokecgi.bb      
         modified:   os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/index.html      
         modified:   os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/project.txt      
         modified:   os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/uptime.js      
         modified:   os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/website.bb      

Untracked files:
  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
        os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/cgi-bin/hello_world.php      
        os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/cgi-bin/index.php      
        os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/cgi-bin/phpliteadmin.config.php      
        os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/cgi-bin/phpliteadmin.php      
        os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/cgi-bin/sqlite_test.php      
        os/petalinux/project-spec/meta-user/recipes-apps/website/files/cgi-bin/test-cgi      

no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

Looks good!

Add and commit the new & updated files, create an annotated tag and push the commits & tag up to the remote repository.

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ git add -A
steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ git add -f os/petalinux/components/yocto/layers/meta-openembedded/meta-webserver/recipes-httpd/apache2/apache2_%.bbappend
steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ git commit -a -m "Removed busybox-httpd Webserver and replaced it with a LAMP style stack of Apache, SQLite, PHP & myLiteAdmin."
steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ git push
steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ git tag -a v12.0 -m "PetaLinux, Peek/Poke, LED Runner, LAMP (Apache, SQLite, PHP & myLiteAdmin), Peek/Poke CGI, PL Access, Style Sheet, Register Bank & ID Strings with XSA from zedboard_leds_switches v5.0"
steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ git push origin v12.0

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux$ cd os/petalinux

With the project area assumed clean and everything committed & pushed into the repository, a potential production release of PetaLinux (v12.0) can be produced.

Double check GIT status.

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux/os/petalinux$ git status
On branch master
Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master'.

nothing to commit, working tree clean

Optionally, but preferred, clear out all the superfluous files from the project area (non-tracked files).

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux/os/petalinux$ git clean -fdx

Optionally, but preferred, clear out the transfer area.

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux/os/petalinux$ rm -rf /tftpboot/*

Build/rebuild PetaLinux.

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux/os/petalinux$ petalinux-build

Package PetaLinux to produce the boot image BOOT.BIN, this will include the first stage boot loader zynq_fsbl.elf, the programmable logic system.bit, the Linux boot loader u-boot.elf and the device tree blob system.dtb.

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux/os/petalinux$ petalinux-package --boot --force --fsbl images/linux/zynq_fsbl.elf --fpga images/linux/system.bit --uboot images/linux/u-boot.elf

Check the Zedboard is present on the network & PetaLinux is up and running.

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux/os/petalinux$ ping -c 1 192.168.2.87

Enable a pathway to PetaLinux running on the Zedboard.

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux/os/petalinux$ ssh-keygen -f ~/.ssh/known_hosts -R 192.168.2.87
steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux/os/petalinux$ ssh-keyscan -H 192.168.2.87 >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts

Upload the new PetaLinux boot files to the Zedboard.

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux/os/petalinux$ sshpass -p root scp /tftpboot/{BOOT.BIN,boot.scr,image.ub} root@192.168.2.87:/media/sd-mmcblk0p1

Reboot PetaLinux running on the Zedboard to make use of the new boot files.

steve@Desktop:~/projects/zedboard_linux/os/petalinux$ sshpass -p root ssh -t root@192.168.2.87 /sbin/reboot

Access the webserver running on the Zedboard using a browser pointing at the Zedboard's IP address http://192.168.2.87.

All being well the following webpage should be displayed. Missing Image!

Click on all the links to open the various webpages to ensure they are doing what is expected.

The last webpage shows the information tables. Click the Read ID buttons in both the Operating System Information & Firmware Information sections to read the Identification information from the OS filesystem & PL address space.

All being well the following should be displayed in the Operating System Information & Firmware Information sections.

There should be no unsavoury comments after the version numbers!

Introduction

Aims

Part 1 - Project Setup

Part 2 - OS Development

Part 4 - Hardware Deployment

Part 5 - Configure & validate LAMP style setup

Part 6 - Revision Control

Part 7 - Final checks

1. Setup environment

2. Obtain tutorial files from Bitbucket (optional)

3. Change present working directory

4. Bump Version

5. Disable busybox-httpd webserver

6. Configure PetaLinux for LAMP

7. Build & package PetaLinux

8. Setup Zedboard hardware

9. Launch MiniCom terminal emulator

10. Deploy firmware & software on Zedboard

11. Check boot is working as expected

12. Check PetaLinux boot

13. Check HTML

14. Check CGI shell scripts

test-cgi (partial)

15. Check PHP

16. Check SQLite

17. Check phpLiteAdmin

phpliteadmin.config.php (partial)

18. Migration

19. Make changes permanent

uptime.js (partial)

20. Commit new & updated files

21. Create a Production Release

22. Deploy Production Release on the Zedboard

23. Check everything is working as expected